Shortness of breath on exertion

Shortness of breath during physical exertion can be caused in particular by bronchospasm. In this case, the bronchial muscles suddenly contract, causing the airways to narrow. This clinical picture is typical of asthma, exercise-induced bronchospasm and obstructive airway diseases. Symptoms often occur during or shortly after physical activity. They are generally temporary but can be very uncomfortable for those affected.

Typical symptoms

• Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath during exertion
• Wheezing
• Coughing, especially during or after physical activity
• Prolonged exhalation
• Rapid improvement after inhaling a bronchodilator

Treatment options

In cases of sudden breathing difficulties during physical exertion, the pharmacy can be a first point of contact if the problem has occurred previously and is not worsening. After a consultation to assess the symptoms and whether they are recurrent, the pharmacy may, where appropriate, dispense a bronchodilator spray that rapidly relaxes the airways and makes breathing easier. The active ingredients concerned include:

• Salbutamol
• Terbutaline

These substances rapidly relax the bronchial muscles and widen the airways, which usually improves breathing within a few minutes. Their use should be limited to acute episodes triggered by physical exertion and should not be repeated without medical assessment.

Pharmacy support includes:

• Targeted questions about triggers, progression and any pre-existing conditions
• Assessment of the likelihood of bronchospasm
• Explanation of the correct inhalation technique
• Advice on preventive measures, such as warming up before exercise or avoiding known triggers
• Advice on the acute use of bronchodilators, which are not recommended as a long-term maintenance treatment for asthma

When should you consult a doctor?

Medical advice is essential when:

• Shortness of breath occurs for the first time
• There is no rapid improvement after inhalation
• Symptoms worsen or become more frequent
• Shortness of breath also occurs at rest or during the night
• New symptoms appear, such as chest pain, fever or reduced physical performance

A doctor can confirm and treat the underlying condition, such as asthma, using lung function tests, additional examinations and a long-term treatment plan.

Complementary measures

• Use the inhaler correctly and regularly
• Avoid known triggers such as cold air, smoke and allergens
• Follow an appropriate exercise programme
• Use breathing techniques that facilitate exhalation
• Stop smoking if you smoke