Gastrointestinal disorders
What are gastrointestinal disorders?
Gastrointestinal disorders are among the most common health problems and can affect people of any age. They are particularly characterised by abdominal pain, bloating, nausea or diarrhoea and can be acute or chronic. There are many possible causes, ranging from infections and stress to food intolerances.
Intestinal disorders are generally not serious, but they can be uncomfortable and affect quality of life. When the underlying cause cannot be eliminated, treatment aims to relieve symptoms and restore normal intestinal function. In most cases, this includes dietary and lifestyle measures as well as medication.
Typical symptoms
- Abdominal pain or cramps can be felt in the upper or lower abdomen, depending on the cause of the disorder.
- Symptoms may be accompanied by nausea, a feeling of heaviness or loss of appetite.
- Abdominal bloating is a typical symptom of digestive problems.
- Diarrhoea or constipation may occur separately or alternate when intestinal transit becomes irregular. This can be related to diet, stress, infections, intolerances or functional disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome.
- In some cases, heartburn or acid reflux may occur, often caused by reflux, meaning stomach acid flowing back into the oesophagus.
Common causes and risk factors
- Viral or bacterial infections, for example caused by spoiled food or poor hygiene.
- Stress, mental overload and eating meals too quickly can disrupt digestion. Intolerances to lactose, gluten or certain food additives.
- An unbalanced diet that is too rich in fat, sugar or alcohol.
- Lack of physical activity and irregular eating habits.
- Side effects of medication, particularly antibiotics or opioid painkillers.
Treatment options
In cases of gastrointestinal disorders, the pharmacy is an important first point of contact. Healthcare professionals carry out a structured assessment of symptoms (location, intensity, duration, triggering factors and warning signs) in order to determine the most appropriate care.
Based on this assessment, they recommend suitable treatments and supportive measures.
It is recommended to drink 1.5 to 2 litres of water per day, take time to eat and chew food thoroughly, favour cooked vegetables, which are less irritating than raw vegetables, maintain regular meal times and keep a food diary to better identify possible triggers. Antispasmodic medicines, as well as treatments for diarrhoea or nausea and probiotics, can also relieve symptoms and support the intestinal flora.
If symptoms persist, worsen or warning signs appear, medical advice is recommended. If necessary, additional examinations such as an ultrasound or gastroscopy may be carried out.
Complementary measures
- A light diet such as rusks, rice and bananas can help protect the digestive system in cases of diarrhoea.
- Some plants are traditionally used for their soothing properties:
- Chamomile: soothes spasms and mild inflammation.
- Peppermint: helps with bloating and cramps.
- Ginger: can be effective against nausea and slow digestion.
- Fennel/anise: can reduce gas and discomfort after meals. Natural probiotics (yoghurt or kefir) support the balance of the intestinal microbiota.
- Heat, for example a hot-water bottle, can also relieve cramps.
- Adequate fluid intake (electrolyte solutions, broth, lightly sweetened herbal teas) is essential, particularly in cases of diarrhoea or vomiting.
- Relaxation exercises or moderate physical activity can promote healthy digestion.
When should you consult a doctor?
- If symptoms worsen.
- In case of weight loss.
- In case of fever, blood in the stool or severe dehydration.
- In case of recurring or unexplained symptoms.
- When young children, elderly people or pregnant women are affected.
Possible complications
Untreated gastrointestinal disorders can cause dehydration, particularly in cases of persistent diarrhoea, as well as deficiencies resulting from prolonged malabsorption. Some disorders can also develop into chronic conditions. Early diagnosis makes it possible to rule out serious causes and implement targeted treatment.